Dog Ear Infection Symptoms Every Owner Should Know
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Time to read 9 min
Introduction
Ear infections are one of the most common health issues that affect dogs, and while they might seem like minor nuisances, they can quickly become painful and serious if left untreated. The significance of a dog's ear health cannot be overstated, as untreated infections can lead to severe discomfort and long-term consequences for your pet's overall well-being. Understanding the signs of an ear infection in your dog can help you catch problems early and get your furry friend the care they need.
In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about dog ear infection symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention strategies. Whether you’re a first-time dog parent or an experienced pet lover, this comprehensive overview will equip you with the knowledge to keep your dog’s ears healthy and infection-free.
Table of content
Introduction Petglow Dog Ear infection Antibiotics usage by Vet Dr. Alex* Why Are Ear Infections Common in Dogs? Understanding Dog Ear Infections Common Symptoms of Dog Ear Infections How to Tell If It's Yeast or Bacteria? What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs? RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS Special Considerations for Puppies and Senior Dogs Final Thoughts Frequently Asked Questions Related readings
Petglow Dog Ear infection Antibiotics usage by Vet Dr. Alex*
Why Are Ear Infections Common in Dogs?
Dogs, especially those with floppy ears or lots of hair around the ear canal, are particularly prone to ear infections. The structure of a dog's ear canal — which is vertical and L-shaped — allows for fluid retention, creating a moist, warm environment that can easily trap dirt, bacteria, and yeast. This unique shape can lead to the overgrowth of microorganisms, resulting in infections if not cleaned or checked regularly.
Some breeds, such as Cocker Spaniels, Basset Hounds, and Golden Retrievers, are more susceptible due to their ear anatomy or genetic predisposition.
Types of Dog Ear Infections
Before we dive into symptoms, it’s helpful to know there are three main types of ear infections in dogs , classified based on where they occur:
Otitis Externa – Inflammation of the outer ear canal (most common)
Otitis Media – Infection of the middle ear
Otitis Interna – Infection of the inner ear, often serious and may cause neurological symptoms
A dog's ear infection can be severe and requires proper medical intervention to prevent complications such as hearing loss and more severe medical conditions. Effective treatment by a veterinarian is crucial to avoid these serious health issues.
Common signs of dog ear infections include redness, odor, itching, pain, shaking of the head, head tilt, discharge, and swelling of the ear flap.
Each type may present with slightly different symptoms, but most begin with signs noticeable around the external ear.
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Understanding Dog Ear Infections
Dog ear infections are a common health issue that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Diagnosing and treating ear issues in dog's ears is crucial, as these infections occur when bacteria, yeast, or other microorganisms invade the ear canal, leading to inflammation, discomfort, and potentially serious complications. The ear canal’s warm, moist environment makes it an ideal breeding ground for these pathogens. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for dog ear infections is essential for providing proper care and preventing long-term damage. Regular monitoring and maintenance of your dog’s ears can help catch infections early and ensure your furry friend stays healthy and comfortable.
Common Symptoms of Dog Ear Infections
Here are the most typical signs your dog may have an ear infection:
1. Frequent Head Shaking
Dogs with ear infections often shake their heads repeatedly in an attempt to relieve itching or discomfort. Occasional head shaking is normal, but frequent or vigorous shaking could be a sign of trouble.
2. Scratching at the Ears
If your dog is persistently pawing at one or both ears, it may be because of irritation, inflammation, or pain. Be cautious: excessive scratching can cause open wounds or further complications.
3. Redness and Swelling
Infected ears usually appear inflamed. The inside of the ear canal may be visibly red, swollen, and sensitive to the touch.
4. Foul Odor
One of the telltale signs of an ear infection is a bad smell coming from your dog’s ears. This odor can be musty, yeasty, or sour, depending on whether the infection is caused by bacteria, yeast, or other factors.
5. Discharge or Oozing
Ear infections can lead to pus or other types of discharge. You may notice a yellow, brown, or even bloody fluid coming from the ear canal. Crust or scabs around the opening of the ear are also a red flag.
6. Tilting the Head
A dog may tilt its head to one side if only one ear is affected. This tilt may be subtle or very pronounced and often indicates discomfort or a balance issue caused by a deeper infection.
7. Loss of Balance or Coordination
If the infection has spread to the inner ear (otitis interna), your dog may exhibit signs like stumbling, falling over, or difficulty walking in a straight line. These symptoms are more serious and warrant immediate veterinary attention.
8. Hearing Loss
Partial or temporary hearing loss can occur, especially if the ear canal is blocked by inflammation or debris. If your dog seems less responsive to sound, an ear infection could be to blame.
9. Pain or Sensitivity When Touching the Ears
A dog with an ear infection may react strongly if you try to touch or examine the affected area. They may whine, pull away, or show signs of distress.
How to Tell If It's Yeast or Bacteria Dog Ear infection?
Though both infections cause brown discharge , the differences in odor, texture, and additional symptoms help distinguish them:
Feature |
Yeast Infection |
Bacterial Infection |
|---|---|---|
Discharge Color |
Dark brown, reddish-brown |
Yellow, green, or pus-like (can be brown) |
Odor |
Sweet, musty, or “corn chip” smell |
Strong, foul, fishy, or rotten smell |
Texture |
Thick, waxy, greasy |
Watery or pus-filled |
Itching |
Severe, constant scratching |
Moderate to severe |
Swelling/Redness |
Mild to moderate |
Severe, possible sores |
Recurrence |
Common in allergic dogs |
Often acute but can recur |
Pain Level |
Mild to moderate discomfort |
Severe pain and sensitivity |
Infections commonly affect the outer ear, highlighting the importance of monitoring this area for signs of infection.
A veterinarian can confirm the diagnosis by performing an ear cytology (examining ear discharge under a microscope) to determine whether yeast, bacteria, or both are present.
What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs?
Ear infections can be caused by various underlying issues. Identifying the root cause is essential for effective treatment and prevention. Common causes include:
Bacteria or yeast overgrowth – Most common infectious agents
Allergies – Food or environmental allergies can cause chronic inflammation
Ear mites – Particularly common in puppies or dogs in shelters
Foreign objects – Grass seeds, dirt, or debris in the ear
Moisture – Dogs who swim often are at higher risk ("swimmer’s ear")
Hormonal imbalances – Thyroid or adrenal issues
Autoimmune diseases
Excessive ear cleaning – Can strip away protective oils and cause irritation
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Diagnosis: How Vets Confirm Ear Infections
If you suspect an ear infection, don’t try to self-diagnose. A veterinarian will perform:
Physical Examination – Looking into the ear with an otoscope
Microscopic Analysis – Examining swabs from the ear to detect bacteria, yeast, or mites
Culture Testing – For chronic or resistant infections
Imaging – In some cases, X-rays or CT scans may be needed to assess deeper structures
Accurate diagnosis is crucial to tailor the correct treatment and prevent recurrence.
How Are Dog Ear Infections Treated?
Treatment will depend on the cause and severity of the infection. Most cases of otitis externa are easily treatable with medication, but deeper infections require more intensive care.
Common Treatments Include:
Topical Medications – Ear drops containing antibiotics, antifungals, or steroids
Oral Medications – In more severe or recurrent cases
Ear Cleaning – Professional or at-home cleanings with vet-approved solutions
Anti-inflammatory drugs – To reduce pain and swelling
Surgery – Rare, but necessary for chronic infections or tumors
It’s vital to follow the full course of treatment , even if symptoms seem to improve quickly. Stopping early can lead to recurrence or resistance.
Can You Prevent Dog Ear Infections?
Absolutely. While not every infection is preventable, many can be avoided with regular care and hygiene. Here are tips to minimize your dog’s risk:
✅ Regular Ear Cleaning
Clean your dog’s ears weekly (or as recommended by your vet), especially after swimming or baths. Use a dog-safe, non-irritating ear cleanser.
✅ Keep Ears Dry
After water activities, gently dry your dog’s ears. Moisture is a big contributor to infections.
✅ Trim Excess Hair
Breeds with long hair in or around the ears should have it trimmed to allow for airflow.
✅ Treat Allergies Promptly
If your dog has known allergies, work with your vet to manage them. Chronic ear infections are often a secondary symptom of untreated allergies.
✅ Routine Vet Checkups
Include ear checks as part of regular health exams. Early detection makes a big difference.
When to See a Vet
Contact your veterinarian if your dog shows any combination of the following:
Persistent scratching or head shaking
Red, swollen, or foul-smelling ears
Discharge or crust formation
Signs of pain or sensitivity
Loss of balance or hearing
Even a mild ear infection can progress quickly if not addressed. It’s always better to err on the side of caution.
Special Considerations for Puppies and Senior Dogs
Puppies are more susceptible to ear mites, which can lead to secondary infections if not treated.
Senior dogs may be more prone to chronic infections due to weakened immunity or underlying conditions.
Avoid over-cleaning , which can strip away natural oils and lead to irritation.
Check ears frequently , especially for breeds prone to ear infections (e.g., Cocker Spaniels, Labradors, Bulldogs).
Final Thoughts
Dog ear infections are common, but they’re also highly treatable — especially when caught early. As a dog owner, knowing what symptoms to look out for can make all the difference in your pet’s comfort and overall well-being.
A little preventative care, regular ear checks, and prompt treatment can help ensure your dog stays happy, healthy, and infection-free. If you ever have doubts, your vet is the best resource for guidance and treatment options.
About Dr. Alex
Dr. Alex is RCVS accredited Veterinary surgeon and consultant currently practicing at a small animal veterinary practice in the U.K. He achieved his degree In veterinary medicine from the Royal Veterinary College (one of the top 3 vet schools in the world) and has a keen interest and skill in writing. He loves to write veterinary related articles by providing the most up to date and scientifically accurate information in an easy to consume format for pet owners. He can cover a range of topics and is passionate about educating owners worldwide!
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I use human ear drops on my dog?
A: No. Many human medications contain ingredients that are toxic to dogs. Always use vet-prescribed treatments.
Q: How long does it take for an ear infection to heal?
A: Mild infections may clear up in 7–10 days with proper treatment. More severe cases can take weeks or even require ongoing care.
Q: Are ear infections contagious between dogs?
A: Bacterial or yeast infections are usually not contagious, but ear mites can spread between pets.
Q: Is it normal for a dog’s ear to smell?
A: A slight odor may be normal, especially in floppy-eared breeds. A strong, foul smell, however, is a sign of infection.
Q: Should I clean my dog’s ears every day?
A: No. Over-cleaning can irritate the ear canal. Clean only as often as needed or recommended by your vet.
